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Letter to the Editor| Volume 86, ISSUE 6, P622-625, June 2023

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Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir–ritonavir reduce mortality risk during post-acute COVID-19 phase

  • Eric Yuk Fai Wan
    Affiliations
    Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
    Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Boyuan Wang
    Affiliations
    Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Sukriti Mathur
    Affiliations
    Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Cheyenne I. Ying Chan
    Affiliations
    Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Vincent Ka Chun Yan
    Affiliations
    Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai
    Affiliations
    Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
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  • Celine Sze Ling Chui
    Affiliations
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
    School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Xue Li
    Affiliations
    Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
    Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Carlos King Ho Wong
    Affiliations
    Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
    Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Philip Hei Li
    Affiliations
    Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Chak Sing Lau
    Affiliations
    Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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  • Ian Chi Kei Wong
    Affiliations
    Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
    Department of Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
    Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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  • Esther Wai Yin Chan
    Correspondence
    Correspondence to: Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L02-56 2/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
    Affiliations
    Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
    Department of Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
    The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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Published:February 21, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.029
      We read with great interest the recent article published in the Journal of Infection investigating the effectiveness of molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir–ritonavir, and sotrovimab in preventing hospital admission or death among COVID-19 patients.
      • Evans A.
      • Qi C.
      • Adebayo J.O.
      • Underwood J.
      • Coulson J.
      • Bailey R.
      • et al.
      Real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, and sotrovimab on preventing hospital admission among higher-risk patients with COVID-19 in Wales: a retrospective cohort study.
      We noticed that despite the use of broad-spectrum antivirals (e.g. remdesivir), monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine
      • Agarwal A.
      • Rochwerg B.
      • Lamontagne F.
      • Siemieniuk R.A.C.
      • Agoritsas T.
      • Askie L.
      • et al.
      A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19.
      being attempted, only limited effectiveness was achieved in reducing mortality, along with financial and logistical limitations, preventing their widespread use. Hence, the pertinent question on whether the short-term evidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 oral antivirals in reducing risk of mortality and hospitalizations holds true even in the post-acute phase, especially in a largely vaccinated global population in an Omicron-dominant setting, remains to be explored.
      • Ledford H.
      Long-COVID treatments: why the world is still waiting.
      Thus, by examining two cohorts of hospitalized patients from Hong Kong prescribed with either molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir–ritonavir, this longitudinal study aims to assess the benefits of both drugs in reducing all-cause mortality in COVID-19 vaccine recipients compared to non-recipients in an in-patient setting in the post-acute phase of infection.
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