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Letter to the Editor| Volume 86, ISSUE 6, P610-613, June 2023

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Sporothrix brasiliensis genotyping reveals numerous independent zoonotic introductions in Brazil

  • Bram Spruijtenburg
    Affiliations
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
    Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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  • Amanda Bombassaro
    Affiliations
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
    Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
    Graduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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  • Eelco F.J. Meijer
    Affiliations
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
    Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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  • Anderson Messias Rodrigues
    Affiliations
    Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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  • Maria Eduarda Grisolia
    Affiliations
    Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
    Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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  • Vânia Aparecida Vicente
    Affiliations
    Graduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
    Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
    Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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  • Flavio de Queiroz-Telles
    Affiliations
    Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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  • Jacques F. Meis
    Affiliations
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
    Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
    Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
    Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Cologne, Germany
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  • Theun de Groot
    Correspondence
    Correspondence to: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (C70), Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Postbus 9015, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
    Affiliations
    Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
    Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Published:February 23, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.034
      In the last decades, multiple fungal species have emerged, posing threats to public health.
      • Lockhart S.R.
      • Guarner J.
      Emerging and reemerging fungal infections.
      In this journal, we have reported the emergence of Candida auris in South America.
      • Calvo B.
      • Melo A.S.
      • Perozo-Mena A.
      • Hernandez M.
      • Francisco E.C.
      • Hagen F.
      • et al.
      First report of Candida auris in America: clinical and microbiological aspects of 18 episodes of candidemia.
      Sporothrix brasiliensis constitutes another emerging fungal threat on the continent. This dimorphic fungus is the causative agent of human and animal sporotrichosis, and its first appearance was retrospectively identified in 1998 in Rio de Janeiro.
      • Gremiao I.D.
      • Miranda L.H.
      • Reis E.G.
      • Rodrigues A.M.
      • Pereira S.A.
      Zoonotic epidemic of sporotrichosis: cat to human transmission.
      Since then, there has been a staggering increase in the number of feline and human cases in various Brazilian States.
      • de Carvalho J.A.
      • Beale M.A.
      • Hagen F.
      • Fisher M.C.
      • Kano R.
      • Bonifaz A.
      • et al.
      Trends in the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of emerging Sporothrix species.
      Recently, it was also found in the South American countries Argentina, Paraguay, and Chile,
      • Etchecopaz A.
      • Toscanini M.A.
      • Gisbert A.
      • Mas J.
      • Scarpa M.
      • Iovannitti C.A.
      • et al.
      Sporothrix brasiliensis: a review of an emerging South American fungal pathogen, its related disease, presentation and spread in Argentina.
      • Thomson P.
      • González C.
      • Blank O.
      • Ramírez V.
      • del Río C.
      • Santibáñez S.
      • et al.
      Sporotrichosis outbreak due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in domestic cats in Magallanes, Chile: a one-health-approach study.
      while also three cases were reported in London that were linked to a domestic cat originally hailed from Brazil.
      • Barnacle J.R.
      • Chow Y.J.
      • Borman A.M.
      • Wyllie S.
      • Dominguez V.
      • Russell K.
      • et al.
      The first three reported cases of Sporothrix brasiliensis cat-transmitted sporotrichosis outside South America.
      This worrying trend highlights the potential of S. brasiliensis to spread globally and the necessity to trace the emergence of this fungus.
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