Highlights
- •The H5N8 was introduced into Qinghai Lake, with distinct genotype in 2016 and 2017.
- •LPAIVs in wild birds contributed to the high diversity of global H5N8 viruses.
- •The major reassortment events may occur during 2016–2017.
- •Continued circulation among wild birds resulted in the global distribution.
Summary
Objectives
A second wave of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4
has spread globally, causing outbreaks among wild birds and domestic poultry since
autumn 2016. The circulation and evolutionary dynamics of the virus remain largely
unknown.
Methods
We performed surveillance for H5N8 in Qinghai Lake in China since the emergence of
the virus (from 2016 to 2018). By analyzing recovered viruses in Qinghai Lake and
all related viruses worldwide (449 strains), we identified the genotypes, estimated
their genesis and reassortment, and evaluated their global distribution and transmission.
Results
Through surveillance of wild migratory birds around Qinghai Lake between 2016 and
2018, we revealed that the H5N8 was introduced into Qinghai Lake bird populations
(QH-H5N8), with distinct gene constellations in 2016 and 2017. A global analysis of
QH-H5N8-related viruses showed that avian influenza viruses with low pathogenicity
in wild birds contributed to the high diversity of genotypes; the major reassortment
events possibly occurred during the 2016 breeding season and the following winters.
Conclusions
Continued circulation of QH-H5N8-related viruses among wild birds has resulted in
the global distribution of high genotypic diversity. Thus, these viruses pose an ongoing
threat to wild and domestic bird populations and warrant continuous surveillance.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 12, 2019
Accepted:
July 10,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
