Highlights
- •Polyomavirus SV40 was an unrecognized contaminant of early poliovaccines administered to millions.
- •People in Latin America where vaccine trials took place often have SV40 neutralizing antibodies.
- •Evidence indicates that SV40 is causing human infections today.
- •Results of studies of SV40 infections in humans depend on the populations analyzed.
Summary
Objectives
This study sought to determine SV40 seroprevalence in residents of two Latin American
countries, Colombia and Nicaragua, which were sites of prelicensure oral poliovaccine
(OPV) trials.
Methods
Archival sera were tested for SV40 neutralizing antibody using a virus-specific plaque-reduction
assay. Samples included 517 sera from Colombia and 149 sera from Nicaragua.
Results
Overall SV40 seroprevalence was 22.8% for Colombian subjects and 12.8% for Nicaraguans.
Subgroups of Colombian subjects ranged in frequency of SV40 seropositivity from 10.0%
to 38.6%. Birth cohorts both older and younger than the age cohort that contained
potential OPV vaccinees from both countries had SV40 antibodies. Gender and ethnicity
had no significant effects on SV40 seropositivity.
Conclusions
Inhabitants of both Colombia and Nicaragua had detectable SV40 neutralizing antibody,
including those of ages presumably not recipients of potentially SV40-contaminated
OPV. This observation provides support for the concept that transmission of SV40 human
infections can occur. Frequency of SV40 antibody positivity was elevated over that
reported for the US where there was limited use of contaminated OPV. This investigation
indicates also that study results of SV40 infections in humans will reflect whether
subject populations had probable exposures to contaminated poliovaccines and to environmental
conditions favoring cycles of viral transmission.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 15, 2019
Accepted:
April 2,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
