Favourable one-year ART outcomes in adult Malawians with hepatitis B and C co-infection

Summary 

Background

Few studies have investigated the impact of chronic hepatitis B and C infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Hepatotoxicity may be a particular concern in co-infected patients taking nevirapine–stavudine–lamivudine.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 300 Malawian adults starting ART and describe one-year ART outcomes according to viral hepatitis status.

Results

At baseline, patients had advanced HIV disease (29.3% were in WHO stage 4; mean CD4 = 157 cells/μL; mean log₁₀HIV-1 RNA = 5.24 copies/ml). Co-infection with hepatitis B, C and B + C were present in 6.7%, 5.7% and 1.7% respectively. At 50 weeks, all-cause mortality was 43 (14.3%). Sixteen (5.3%) had transferred to another unit. Eight (2.7%) were lost to follow up. Sixteen (5.3%) had stopped ART. 217 (72.3%) were alive on ART, of whom 82.5% had an HIV-1 RNA <400 copies/ml at week 50. During the first 50 weeks of ART, severe hepatotoxicity (liver enzyme values >5 times upper level of normal) occurred in 9%, but did not result in any ART discontinuations. Clinical hepatitis or jaundice was not observed. There were no significant differences in occurrence of hepatotoxicity, other side effects, mortality, severe morbidity, immune reconstitution or virological failure between hepatitis B and/or C co-infected patients and those who were not. Viral hepatitis co-infection was not associated with severe hepatotoxicity, mortality, severe morbidity or virological failure in multivariate analyses.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that screening for viral hepatitis B and C and liver enzyme monitoring may not require high priority in ART programmes in sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords: HIV, Malawi, ART, Hepatitis B and C, Hepatotoxicity